back to Panorama content

Mangroves

Here are examples of mangrove forests growing off of Bokeelia Island, Florida. Mangroves are typical of brackish coastal habitats and are found throughout the world in tropical and subtropical areas. The forest below in the QTVR panorama looks a bit ragged (and was actually some of the best around) because of recent hurricanes compared to the pictures to the right.

Mangrove roots play an important role in stabilizing shorelines and reduce the energy of wave action. This helps buffer coastal residents from the tidal surge caused by hurricanes. They also serve as nurseries for young fish, crustaceans and molluscs. They are considered keystone species because of the habitat that they create for other species. The pictures primarily show red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle). They have characteristic stilt like roots that prop the trees up out of the brackish water. Also, the roots have pores called lenticels which they use to take up air. In upland areas black mangroves (Avicennia germinans, not shown in pictures) occur which produce another unusual root. Black mangroves produce what appear as a carpet of breathing tubes called pneumatophores (structurally similar to what cypress trees in swamps produce) which literally function as breathing tubes. Mangrove trees are uniquely adapted to coping with variable salinities, inundation, and anaerobic soils. For example, red mangrove roots are known for being excellent filters and taking up water and nutrients without taking up salt.

In developing coastal areas (like Florida), mangroves are threatened by development. High value coastal developments have a love-hate relationship with mangroves. They are crucial for maintaining many fisheries, wildlife, and protect the shorelines from storm surges but they also block views and don't provide inviting sandy beaches for sun bathers.

This is an interactive panorama represented as a QuickTime VR movie. Click and drag the mouse to pan and tilt the view. Depress the shift and control keys to zoom in or zoom out.